CLIENT ALERT
January 19, 2016
U.S. Government Licenses Certain Iran Related
Transactions Conducted by Foreign Subsidiaries
of U.S. Companies
SPEED READ
After implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the U.S. Government has lifted certain sanctions on Iran,
including by authorizing the foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies to engage in most transactions involving Iran while allowing
U.S. parent companies to establish their subsidiaries’ operating policies and to make available automated business systems
related to transactions with Iran. But these new authorizations do not significantly alter the primary U.S. sanctions that prohibit
U.S. persons from engaging in the majority of transactions involving Iran.
On January 16, 2016, the International Atomic Energy Agency verified that Iran had carried out its nuclear commitments under the Joint
Comprehensive Plan of Action (“JCPOA”), triggering reciprocal obligations by the United States. Although U.S. companies and persons
continue to be barred from most transactions involving Iran, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) has issued an important new
authorization that will expand the ability of foreign companies owned or controlled by U.S. interests to engage in Iran business. The
authorization will be of particular interest to multinational companies headquartered in the United States, U.S. private equity firms with
foreign investments, and other U.S. persons whose foreign interests can now lawfully engage in certain trade with Iran.
General License H authorizes transactions by any “entity owned or controlled by a United States person and established or maintained
outside the United States” with “the Government of Iran or any person subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of Iran,” other than
transactions with or involving:
l
The exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, of any goods, technology, or services from the United States or a
U.S. person with knowledge or reason to know that they are intended for Iran;
l
Any activity involving any item (including information) subject to the Export Administration Regulations that is prohibited or requires a
license;
l
Any transfer of funds to, from, or through a U.S. depository institution or a U.S.registered broker or dealer in securities;
l
Any military, paramilitary, intelligence, or law enforcement entity of the Government of Iran, or any official, agent, or affiliate thereof;
l
Any person, entity, aircraft or vessel on OFAC’s list of Specially Designated Nationals or Foreign Sanctions Evaders or who has been
denied export privileges by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security;
l
Any activity related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or ballistic missiles, international terrorism, Iran’s support for
the Syrian regime, Iran’s destabilizing activities in Yemen, or Iranian human rights abuses; and
l
Any covered nuclear activity involving Iran outside of the official procurement channel established by the JCPOA.
Importantly, the bar against U.S.person “facilitation” of Iranrelated transactions conducted by a nonU.S. person remains in effect—in other
words, without OFAC authorization, U.S. persons cannot facilitate, assist, guarantee, or otherwise participate directly or indirectly in any Iran
related business. But General License H removes two critical obstacles raised by that bar that will make it easier for U.S.owned/controlled
foreign subsidiaries to take advantage of the license.
First, General License H authorizes U.S. persons—including U.S.person board members, senior management, and employees—to be
directly involved in establishing operating policies and procedures under which the nonU.S. subsidiary can achieve the operational
separation necessary for it to transact with Iran. (Previously, such involvement would have been a prohibited “facilitation.”) Once the
procedures are established, the foreign subsidiary must work under them without participation by U.S. persons in matters relating to Iran.
Second, General License H authorizes the U.S. parent to make available to its foreign subsidiaries who lawfully trade with Iran “any
automated and globally integrated computer, accounting, email, telecommunications, or other business support system, platform,
database, application, or server necessary to store, collect, transmit, generate, or otherwise process documents or information related to
[the Iran] transactions.” This means a U.S. parent can provide common email, enterprise resource planning, and other backoffice services
to a foreign subsidiary in connection with the latter’s Iran trade, provided the services are fully automated (they must operate passively and
without human intervention, other than maintenance of the systems) and are broadly available to the group of companies under U.S. control.
The U.S. government also announced its intention to issue a general license authorizing the importation into the United States of Iranian
origin carpets and foodstuffs, and has published a statement of licensing policy under which OFAC will view favorably applications seeking
authorization to export or reexport to Iran commercial passenger aircraft and related parts, components, and services. And OFAC
has removed from the SDN list over 400 individuals and entities sanctioned because of their nuclearrelated roles and activities.
Two important caveats to the opportunities created by these changes are (1) the possibility of a socalled “snap back” of the sanctions
should Iran fail to continue to abide by its obligations under the agreement (contracts entered into lawfully would not benefit from any
grandfathering if sanctions were snapped back), and (2) that any penalties for a foreign subsidiary’s noncompliance with General License
H, or the U.S. sanctions against Iran generally, are assessed against the U.S. parent.
Despite these regulatory changes, significant sanctions against Iran remain, stemming from its support of international terrorism, regional
destabilization, ballistic missile program, and human rights abuses. These sanctions prohibit most transactions with Iran by U.S. persons.
In a move that emphasizes the considerable U.S. sanctions authority that is not affected by these changes, on January 17, OFAC
announced new sanctions against 11 individuals and entities involved in procurement for Iran’s ballistic missile program.
* * * * *
This alert does not constitute legal advice and anyone seeking to travel to Iran or do business there should consult legal counsel before
doing so. Persons taking advantage of the liberalized travel and trade regulations can still be subject to an array of specific rules, including
reporting obligations, recordkeeping requirements, and detailed restrictions on activities outside the scope of a general or specific license.
If you would like additional information about the issues addressed in this Client Alert, please contact Rich Matheny, who chairs Goodwin
Procter’s National Security & Foreign Trade Regulation Practice, or the Goodwin Procter attorney with whom you typically consult.
. Authors: Richard L. Matheny III, Jacob R. Osborn
GET IN TOUCH
For more information about the contents of this alert,
please contact:
Richard Matheny III
Partner
+1 202 346 4130
rmatheny@goodwinprocter.com
Jacob Osborn
Associate
+1 202 346 4133
josborn@goodwinprocter.com
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